Excavation support systems are used to minimize the excavation area, to keep the sides of deep excavations stable, and to ensure that movements will not cause damage to neighboring structures or to utilities in the surrounding ground.
There are different types of excavation support systems; however, the most common methods used locally are retaining walls, bored cast in-situ concrete sheet piles and big boulders.
In this part of the project concentration will be made on the above mentioned excavation support systems.
Chapter Two reviews excavation support systems. This chapter summarizes different types of excavation support systems and presents the main aspects of these systems. There are different types of excavation support systems, such as, sheet piles, slurry-walls, Cofferdam, soil nailing, soil grouting and soil freezing.
Chapter Three talks about sheet pile wall as an excavation support system. Sheet pile walls are constructed by driving sheets into a slope or excavation. Their most common use is within temporary deep excavations. They are considered to be most economical where retention of higher earth pressures of soft soils is required.
Chapter Four discusses different types of retaining walls, which are cantilever retaining wall, gravity retaining wall; Counter fort wall. In addition to that, in this chapter an attempt to design cantilever retaining wall to support the excavation was carried out.
Chapter Five illustrates other type of bracing system. It takes about a newly locally used method which is big boulders.
Conclusions and recommendations regarding bracing systems are presented in Chapter Six.