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A foundation is the connecting link between the structure proper and the soil. It is not visible to the public eye. It is apart of a structure, which is usually placed below the surface of the ground (substructures) and transmit the load to the underling soil or rock. All soil compress noticeably when loaded causing the supported structure to settle. The main function of foundation is to transmit safely the high concentrated column or wall reaction to the ground without causing soil failure or unsafe differential settlement of the supported structure.

Design of foundation involves a soil study to establish the most suitable type of foundation and structural design to determine the proportion of the foundation elements.