In this project we had worked to apply all concepts of structural engineering that we are learned over all last years . We have studied many courses in the program of the Civil Engineering Department at AN- NAJAH NATIONAL University. Different types of analysis and design are done in this project in order to choose the most safe and economical type and method for the design. After completing the design phase in proper way we get feasible solutions of projects.
In any structural system there are many alternatives that can be used; successful one that take into concentration of strength, serviceability, safety and economy according to ACI-318M-08, UBC-97, LRFD manual (for steel design), and common engineering practices.
The main aims during this stage of the project are stated as following:
- To study the architectural drawings, and understand the structural challenges and visioning solutions.
- To select the most compatible structural systems depending on terms of strength, serviceability, safety and economy.
- To set the locations of the columns and bearing walls.
- To select the materials used and the materials strengths.
- Preliminary sizing and design of the structural members.
- Economic study using dimensions and area of steel required for each structural members and systems engaged in the comparison procedure i.e. slabs and beams.
designing this project requires proper analysis that leads to complete design of the structural elements in order to achieve the required strength and serviceability of the building. These structural elements are:
A- Columns: Find the initial size of column by finding the loads that must be carried above each column, then finding optimum load to calculate the gross area of the column.
B- Beams: Find initial size of beams by trial and error and depend on spans length then check their capacity to resist shear and moment .
C- Slabs: The suitable slab must be used, one way ribbed, two way ribbed, one way solid , two way solid or two way flat . By comparing the cost of panel on each slab, this cost must include cost of steel, blocks, concrete. Then the lowest cost must be chosen.